The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) are collaborating on the development of innovative minimally invasive sensing technologies, bioinformatics, and disease intervention strategies. The two agencies share a common interest in the development of minimally invasive approaches for detecting and interpreting bio-molecular signatures that signal the emergence of disease and radiation damage in the living body. NASA's needs relate to the health maintenance challenges posed by long duration space flight. NCI's priorities highlight the importance of detecting the earliest signatures of cancer and immediate, effective treatment of the emerging disease.